土地利用的生态位及调控机制的研究

General niche of land use and its regulating mechanisms

根据生态位态势理论,对土地利用生态位的理论与模型的建立进行了探讨。土地利用的生态位表征了不同土地利用类型占用新生境的能力,土地利用变化由土地利用的综合生态位驱动,但在市场经济条件下,土地利用变化实际上是由土地利用的经济效益决定的。为实现土地资源的合理利用,必须对土地利用的综合生态位进行调控,其调控的难点是土地利用生态效益和社会效益的经济量化。土地利用生态位的调控就是通过经济手段,制定相关政策和法规,调节土地利用的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益,从而促进土地利用结构的调整,达到土地利用的整体效果最佳。

Based on the theory of trend and position of niche, the theory and model of land use were discussed. The general niche of land use was the capacity of a kind of land use taking over the new environment. Theoretically, land use change was subject to the general niche of land use, but in fact, land use change was subject to the economic niche. In order to achieve the reasonable land use, the general niche had to be regulated. The key to regulating the general niche of land use was that the ecological efficiency and social efficiency were to be quantified. The objective of regulating the general niche of land use is to achieve the most efficient utilization of land by collaborating the economic efficiency, ecological efficiency and social efficiency of land use and adjusting the structure of land use.