大型温室黄瓜生长发育特性研究

Growth and development properties of cucumber under modern greenhouse cultivation

研究了大型温室栽培条件下,黄瓜生长发育的规律,包括叶片光合作用,器官发育,干物质累积与分配,以及产量形成等。试验结果表明:现代化温室为黄瓜的生长发育提供了良好的环境条件。随着光合有效辐射的增加,叶片光合速率迅速增加;随着叶片的生长,叶片光合速率先增加后逐渐下降,前期生长的叶片在相当长的时间保持较高光合速率,后期叶片光合速率下降较快。黄瓜各器官的生长发育速度很快,茎平均生长速度8 cm/d,叶片长成仅需10 d,果实从开花到采收仅需12d左右。整个生育期干物质累积呈S形曲线,在各器官干物质的分配中,根系占整个干物质总量的比例很小,而且随着生育期的延长而减小,从前期的5%左右减少到后期的1%左右;茎占整个干物质总量的比例整个生育期变化较小,基本维持在10%~15%之间;在营养生长阶段,叶片占干物量的70%~80%,但随着果实的生长,叶片占干物质的比例迅速下降,到后期仅占20%左右;进入生殖生长阶段,果实占干物质的比例迅速增加,后期占整个干物质的70%左右。现代大型温室栽培条件下,黄瓜的产量比较稳定,随采收周次的变化呈二次多项式,8周总产量达到12 kg/m2。

The growth and development(including the photosynthesis of the leaf,the development of different(organs),the accumulation and distribution of the dry matter,and the yield production) of cucumber under modern greenhouse were studied.It was found that,allocated with modern environment control facilities.The greenhouse can provide the best circumstances for the growth and development of the crop.The photosynthesis rate of the leaf increased with the increase of radiation until it reached 1500 μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1).The photosynthesis rate of the leaf increased with the development of the single leaf and decreased with the aging of the leaf.Under modern greenhouse cultivation,the development of the cucumber organs is very fast,the average growth rate of the stem reached 8 cm/d,to grow to a full leaf only need 10 days,from flowering to harvest need 12 days.The dry matter accumulation of the cucumber assumes a S curve.In the distribution of the dry matter,the proportion of the root is less than 5%,the proportion of the stem maintained 10%~15%,the proportion of the leaves reached 70%~80% in the vegetative growth stage,and it decreased with the growth of the fruits to 20% at the end,after enter the productive stage,the proportion of the fruits increased gradually and it reached approximately 70% in the end.The yield of the cucumber under greenhouse cultivation is rather stable.The total yield of 8 harvest week reached 12 kg/m^2.