山地城市空间结构的生态学思考

ECOLOGICAL THINKING OVER SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF HILLY CITY

在社会经济快速发展的重要历史时期,运用生态学的基本原理和方法,探索中国密集人口和文化背景下的山地城市空间结构发展模式,提出了有机分散与紧凑集中原则、就地平衡原则、多中心组团结构原则、绿地楔入原则、生物多样性和景观多样性原则、个性特色原则等6条基本原则和发展理念,以指导山地城市的规划与建设,并结合多座山地城市规划实践,总结出多中心组团型、新旧城市分离型、绿心环形型、城乡融合型、指掌与树枝型、环湖组团型、星座型、长藤结瓜型等多种结构模型,且逐一讨论了它们的生态特征、可实施性和在山地城镇发展中的作用。高度肯定了生态化发展在山地城镇规划与建设中的重要作用和广泛前景,并试图建立适应中国山地地域环境的高密集立体文化特点的山地城市空间结构发展模式,实现城乡持续协调发展。

Mountains and mountainous regionsare an important system in the global eco-environment. With the global eco changes since the1970s, researches into the mountain regions and cit-ies have become a heated issue in both China and thewhole world. In concerning with Chinas conditionsof having large areas of mountains and many hillycities and towns, and in application of the basic eco-logical concepts and methodology in the milestonehistoric stage with rapid social economic growth, thispaper researches into the growth model of mountainurban spatial structure that is under the backgroundof the countrys dense population and high-density3-dimentional culture. Based on his nearly 40 yearsplanning and designing practice, the author proposeseight principles to guide mounturban planning andconstruction: namely, 1) organic distribution and com-pact concentration; 2) on-the-spot equilibrium prin-ciple for integrated habitat growth; 3) multi-centeredcluster; 4) greenspace wedging-in; 5) principle ofdiversity; and 6) local character. Case studies showsome different spatial structure models such as themulti-centered cluster, the green-core ring-shape, thesandwich model, the palm-finger pattern, the lake-around cluster, the constellation model, the long-vine-with-melons shape, etc. The eco characteristics, thefeasibilities and the roles of these spatial patterns inmounturban growth are discussed respectively. Andthe author highly addresses the significant role andbroad prospect of ecological development in the plan-ning of mountainous cities and towns, and tries toestablish a spatial model of the mountainous city thatfits the dense and three-dimensional environment ofChinese mountainous cities. Finally, a projection iscast that the most marvelous eco-cities of future willappear in Chinas mountain-water blending regions.