食用菌对培养基中有害重金属的吸收富集规律研究

Regularity of Heavy Metal Absorption and Accumulation in the Cultivated Fungi

选择我国出口量最大的食用菌———庆元香菇(品种为L26)作为研究对象,通过在培养基中投放一定浓度的有害重金属来研究食用菌对培养基中5种主要有害重金属的吸收富集规律。结果表明食用菌对培养基中有害重金属的富集系数:Cd为7~15.7、Hg为2~8、As为2、Cu为1.4~2;最大生物累积量:Cd>75 mg.kg-1、As>26 mg.kg-1、Hg>140 mg.kg-1、Cu≈135 mg.kg-1。在此基础上对食用菌培养基中有害重金属污染临界浓度指标进行了计算,得到临界浓度值:Cd为0.085 mg.kg-1、Pb为54.5 mg.kg-1、As为0.74 mg.kg-1、Cu为9.5 mg.kg-1、Hg为0.005 6 mg.kg-1。

The absorption and accumulation rate of 5 heavy metals in the cultivated fungi has been investigated by adding one of these heavy metals at the dose of 0,0.5,1,5,10,50 mg·kg^(-1)(Cd,Hg);0,5,10,20,50,100 mg·kg^(-1)(Pb,As);0,50,100,300,400,500 mg·kg^(-1)(Cu) to the cultivated fungi cultivate medium.The results show that the accumulation factors are 7～15(Cd),2～8(Hg),2(As),1.4～2(Cu).The biggest heavy metal contents in the cultivated fungi are Cd>75 mg·kg^(-1),As>26 mg·kg^(-1),Hg>140 mg·kg^(-1),Cu≈135 mg·kg^(-1),and the corresponding critical concentrations of these 6 heavy metals in the cultivate medium are 0.085 mg·kg^(-1)(Cd),54.5 mg·kg^(-1)(Pb),0.005 6 mg·kg^(-1)(Hg),(0.74) mg·kg^(1)(As),and 9.5 mg·kg^(-1)(Cu).Further studies should be conducted to determine the more accurate critical concentrations of heavy metals in the cultivate medium.