表面流人工湿地设计的改进及污水净化效果的研究

Improvement of the Design and Purification Performance of Surface-flow Constructed Wetland

采用加以改进的表面流人工湿地试验系统在户外自然条件下进行试验,考察其对不同浓度生活污水的处理效果。人工湿地采用三级串联,分别处理较低浓度和较高浓度人工模拟的生活污水,第一阶段处理污水浓度较低,第二阶段处理较高浓度污水,CODC r的最终出水平均去除率分别为86.98%、93.69%,对TN的平均去除率分别为84.27%、72.76%;对PO43-平均去除率分别为92.17%、95.78%,对TP的平均去除率分别为91.33%、95.46%。试验结果表明,其对不同浓度污水均有很好的处理效果,说明人工湿地系统可以有效地处理废水,对改善水质和恢复生态系统具有重要意义。

The technical design of small-scale surface-flow constructed wetland system was described with details of some associated purification effects of municipal wastewater with different concentrations.Plots were composed of three stages in series and some reforms were adopted in the design of the constructed wetland.Depths of the wetland was increased in order to form an anaerobic region in every plot,which had the same function as anaerobic tank and reduced the area of the wetland system.The new substrate,ceramic pellet,replaced soil and gravel as the stuffing of the wetland.Two kinds of wastewater with low and high concentrations were purified in two stages.The low concentration sewage was treated in the first stage,and the high concentration sewage in the second stage.For these two sewages,the average removal rates of COD in the 3rd plot were 86.98% and 93.69%,the reductions of TN were 84.27%,72.76% respectively,and the concentrations of NO^-_(2)-N and NO^-_(3)-N were low,the mean removal rates of PO^(3-)_(4)were 92.17%,95.78%,and removal rates of TP were 91.33% and 95.46%.The treatment efficiency of this surface-flow constructed wetland was influenced by temperature and the climate and was an effective technology in improving the water quality and restoring the aquatic ecosystems.