出仕与归隐——陶渊明诗歌的飞鸟意象及其审美内蕴

Offical Lifte and Retire ——About Bird Imagery in TAo Yuanming's Poets and its Asthetic Implication

鸟是具有一定象征意义的对象物,它的象征内涵是经过长期积淀的。先民视野中的鸟开启了后代诗文中鸟的"原型意象",归纳起来,大概分为两类:一是追求宏大的境界,是经过拼搏后的自由;一是选择退守,是疏离群体的个体自由。这两种"原型意象"陶渊明诗中兼而有之,可以看作是其人生转换的前后标志。而陶渊明思想转变可以从飞鸟意象中得到证实。

A bird is a symbolic thing, whose symbol accumulated for a long period. It was a bird in ancient people' s eyes that opened its 'initional imagery' in later ages' poems. It might be concluded into two mental state:one was seeking grand mental outlook which was obtained by struggling. And the second was retire, which was a individual freedom drifting apart from the colony. We could see these two mental state in Tao Yuanming' s poems, and they could be regarded as the symbols before and after the turning of his life. We can find Yuan Ming' s thought came from the imagery of bird.