实存与现存-当下及其问题

Real Existence and Present Existence-At Present and Its Problems

我们同意这样的观点,即,只有经过对人的存在的认识和理解,才能真正找到认识存在问题的途径。但这并不意味着哲学讨论人的存在问题必须先于关于一般存在的问题。也许正好相反。因为从原始意义说,人的存在首先是作为一般存在者存在,即使是人成为本质自我的存在,他仍然以一般存在者的这种先在的存在形式作为自在的根据。如果否认这一点,那么认识人的存在又与存在问题有何关系呢?似乎正是在这个意义上,萨特提出了著名的存在主义命题:存在先于本质。因此,我们准备沿着一般存在者存在的性质、人的存在、主体的存在及相关的若干理论问题等这样的思路展开我们的讨论。其实,这样做的一个最基本的理由就是,我们尚不能像伟大的思想家那样“思”:追问“存在”是什么。

We all agree that the way to know the subject of existence can only be found through the recognition and understanding of man's existence. However, this doesn' t mean that the philosophic discussion about man's existence should be placed ahead of the discussion about general existence. Perhaps it is just on the contrary. Primarily speaking, man exists, first of all, as a general being. Even if man becomes a nature being, he still exists as a general being. If this point is denied, there will not be any relationship between the recognition of man s existence and the recognition of existence. It is on this point that Sartre put forward the famous proposition for man' s being: 'being comes ahead of nature'. Therefore, we will focus our discussion on such theoretical problems about the nature of the existence of a general being, man's being, the existence of the subject and other relating theories, because we cannot yet 'think' as those great thinkers and cannot yet find out what 'existence' means.