超声化学法制备无机纳米材料的研究进展

Developments in Preparing Inorganic Nano-materials by Sonochemical Processes

由于纳米材料具有许多不同于本体材料的优良性能,因此纳米材料的制备与应用是近年来材料科学研究的热点。超声化学法是一种制备特异性能纳米材料的有效途径。超声波对反应体系的作用主要表现在:利用超声能量进行分散,利用空化过程进行高温分解,利用剪切破碎机理对颗粒尺寸进行控制,利用机械搅动影响沉淀的形成过程。本文中介绍了超声化学法制备纳米材料的原理,并详细介绍了超声化学法在制备纳米金属及合金、纳米金属氧化物及其它纳米金属化合物方面的应用。

The preparation and application of nanomaterials have been studied intensively in the field of mateial scicence in recent years due to their excellent performances different from the bulk materials. Many methods have been developed to prepares nano-sized materials, among which sonochemical process has been proven to be an very efficient and economical way to prepare nanomaterials. The ultrasonic effects on the reaction system are the dispersion by ultrasonices energy, pyrolyisis by cavitation, size control by shear and crush, and influencing the precipitation process by agitation. The principle of ultrasonic chemistry is described. Some sonochemical methods about preparation of inorganic nanomaterials such as metals and alloys, metal oxides and other metal compounds are reviewed in details.