中国人地关系研究的新进展与展望

Recent Progress of Studies on Man-land Relationship and Its Prospects in China

作者系统总结了1990年以来中国人地关系研究在理论、方法、实践应用等方面取得的进展,指出并反思了人地关系研究中亟待解决的一系列问题,提出并展望了未来中国人地关系研究的重要方向。研究认为,中国科学家始终把人地关系地域系统视为地理学研究的永恒主题与核心,以全新视角研究人地关系,深入分析人地系统的基本特征,科学划分人地系统的学科分支,尝试揭示人地关系演进趋势与基本规律;新型人地关系理论不断出现,正在逐步形成理论体系,具体可归结为人地系统协调共生与耦合优化理论、人地系统危机冲突与错位异化理论、人地关系分形辩证与系统构型理论共三大类理论研究流派;人地系统研究方法趋于多元化,定性研究方法、数学模拟方法、3S技术方法和综合集成方法等新方法与新手段不断应用;人地系统理论在实践中广泛应用于解决不同时空尺度的区域发展问题和不同领域的可持续发展问题。但中国人地关系研究尚且存在研究经费严重不足,理论研究深度不深,实践应用广度不够,研究机构缺少,研究队伍不稳等一系列亟待解决的问题。未来中国人地关系研究的重要方向包括树立科学发展观,进一步加强人地关系理论的深入研究,加强人地系统调控机理与过程、格局与节律的研究,加强人地系统的综合集成交叉与技术支持系统研究。

Based on the systemic summary of the progress of studies on man-land relationship in China since 1990, including its theories, methods and applications, a series of problems that should be urgently resolved in the study are put forward. And some important study orientations are viewed. Studies show that man-land areal system has always been regarded as the core of geographical study by geographers in China. Man-land relationship has been studied from various viewpoints. The basic characteristic, the embranchment and the evolvement trends of man-land system have all been discussed in detail. First, man-land relationship theories of new type have come into being, including man-land system optimization theory, man-land system coupling theory, man-land system dissimilation theory, man-land system dialectic theory, man-land system conflict theory, man-land system crisis theory, man-land system confusion theory, the Man-Earth Synergetics, man-land system intergrowth theory, huge system of universe-earth-human theory, and so on. And the theoretic system has also come into being step by step. Secondly, the methodological studies on man-land system are multiple. Qualitative and quantitative methods, mathematic simulation methods, 3S methods, and comprehensive integration methods are all used. Finally, the applications of man-land system theories are very successful. Regional sustainable development of different spatial and temporal scales has been studied. Although the recent progress of studies on man-land relationship in China is obvious, some problems still exist. For example, the research outlay and institutions are very short, the theoretic studies are not mature, the applications are not well popularized, and the geographers have little service consciousness. So in the future, the following important study orientations are viewed: (1) scientific development viewpoint should be followed and man-land relationship theories should be improved; (2) regional sustainable development and circle economy should be further studied; (3) global problems, global change and the corresponding regional response should be further studied; (4) comprehensive studies should be emphasized; (5) the mechanism, process, pattern and rhythm of controlling the man-land system should be further studied; and (6) environmental and ecological ethic should be further studied.