日本的地下空间利用

UNDERGROUND SPACE UTILIZATIONS IN JAPAN

我国大都市刚进入地铁建设高潮期,面临着许多建设技术上的复杂问题。通过介绍日本地下空间的利用历史、规模和现状,特别是建设技术的现状、特点、动态及其在大深度地下空间开发中应用的可能性,以希对我国地下空间利用起一定的借鉴作用。

Japan is a mountainous island country, with a narrow plain area that is finely divided by maintain ranges and straits. In spite of its extremely complex geological conditions (densely-distributed faults and active faults, abundant soft soils and weak rocks, and high level of underground water) and frequent disasters (earthquakes, soil liquefactions, volcanoes and landslides), a large quantity of underground facilities has been successfully constructed. Lots of tunnels connect the cities, 5 of which are among world longest 10. In the major cities, most of lifelines have been buried underground, and subways have a total length of 638 km. In China, the pace of subway and underground lifeline constructions has just been speeded up in recent years. The present total length of subways in China is same as that in the early 1970's in Japan. China may need to construct 1 000 km more subways and even longer lifelines in 20-30 years. The geological conditions in some of major cities of China are comparably complex than that those of Japan. Therefore, the know-how and technologies of Japan is expected to be very valuable for China. The authors outline the history, the state of art, recent progresses of the underground space utilizations and the related technologies, especially, shield tunneling methods of Japan.