中国黄土高原气候系统主要特征

Main Characteristics of Climate System in Loess Plateau in China

分析了气候系统变化,结果表明:黄土高原气候系统中岩石圈和大气圈相互影响;大气系统中降水量具有很明显的地域和季节性,降水年际变率大,时间变化上降水呈减少趋势,平均每年减少2.5mm左右,下降速度高原东部明显快于西部,年降水存在2～4年左右的年际振荡;年、季气温的年际变化全区以一致变暖为主,高原中部变化幅度大于周边,气温上升速度年平均气温为0.26℃/10a,冬季升温最快,夏季升温最慢;干旱频繁、暴雨较多。

The changes of the climate system are analyzed. The results show that in the climate system loess plateau, lithosphere and atmosphere affects each other. The precipitation is of obvious regional, seasonal and annual differences. The year precipitation decreased from 1961 to 2000 with about -2.5mm/year in average. The decrease rate in the east plateau is remarkably faster than that in the west. The year precipitation has 2～4 years variation. The year and seasonal temperature variation in this region has a tendency of warming. The temperature increases with 0.26℃/10 years. The increase rate is the fastest in winter and the slowest in summer. The rate of temperature increase in the central part is faster than that in the periphery. In the whole loess plateau, drought and rainstorm are frequent.