炼油厂钢管及其管道内部黑色沉积物的气相色谱-质谱分析

Analysis of the Black Deposit Inside the Steel Tube of the Heat Exchanger by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

利用气相色谱 -质谱 ( GC/MS)技术和环境扫描电镜 ( ESEM)能谱分析 ,对炼油装置中发生管道“爆裂”的热交换器管道内部黑色沉积物进行了成分与来源分析。黑色沉积物含有碳、铁的氧化物、卤素、钾、镁、盐类和饱和脂肪烃。结果表明 :管道气体在炼制装置开停机的阶段 ,发生蒸汽冷凝沉积现象。沉积物与管道内壁发生化学反应 ,管壁受到严重腐蚀 ,使得热交换介质发生变化 。

The black deposit inside the steel tube of the heat exchanger in the oil refining system was analyzed to ascertain the composition and the origin by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The carbon, ferric and ferrous oxide, halogen, inorganic salt of the potassium etc., and satisfied fatty hydrocarbon presented in the black deposit. The results indicated that the mixed gas in the steel tube changed into the condensate and sediment. The sediment reacts with the steel wall. The character of the medium in heat exchanger was changed for the deposit corrosion. The serious consequence was of the steel tube to burst violently under the internal normal pressure.