冷型小麦研究进展

Advance in Researches of Cold Type Wheat

通过多年来对小麦冠层温度和生物性状观测,结果发现自然界存在小麦温度分异现象,可将不同基因型小麦按冠层温度划分为冷型小麦、暖型小麦和中间型小麦等不同类群,这些类群的生物学性状有明显的差异,尤其在叶片输出功能期、根系活力、叶绿素含量、蛋白质氮含量、丙二醛含量、蒸腾速率和净光合速率等方面。冷型小麦在上述诸方面表现较优,即使在严重干旱和连阴雨等灾害性天气下也是如此。通过杂交试验表明,这些性状具有遗传性。又进一步从解剖学角度揭示冷型小麦和暖型小麦各器官在灌浆结实期的结构差异以及在干旱和淹水条件下冷、暖型小麦叶片结构的动态变化特征。

On the basis of observation with the canopy temperature and the biological characters of wheat for many years, the difference in wheat′s temperature has been discovered in the natural world ,that is ,each of wheats with different genotypes has a plant temperature all its own. They have been divided into some kinds, such as cold type wheat, warm type wheat and middle type wheat. They have obvious differences in biological character, especially in export functional periods of leaves, root system, chlorophyll content, protein nitrogen content, MDA content, transpiration rate and photosynthetic rate, etc. The above characters of cold type wheat are more excellent than those of other type wheats, not only under normal weather conditions but also under the extremely unfavorable weather conditions, such as rainy weather or severe drought. The experiment of crossing showed that those excellent characters are hereditary. The experiment of dissecting opens out the structure difference of different organ and leaf structure change under more water and drought conditions in grain-filling period between cold type wheat and warm type wheat.