后异化:菲利普·罗斯创作的新视域

Post-alienation: Philip Roth's New Approach

美国著名学者、文学批评家欧文·豪曾断言 ,美国犹太文学在繁荣一段时期后 ,终于在二十世纪七十年代结束了其创作高潮。他的理由是 :美国犹太文学的创作源泉是早期美国犹太移民的经历 ;自从二十世纪五十年代美国犹太文学进入繁荣期始到二十世纪的七十年代 ,早期美国犹太移民的经历已被写得差不多了。菲利普·罗斯另辟蹊径 ,将创作的视野投向犹太人当前最为关注的问题 ,即 ,犹太人 ,特别是犹太幸存者 ,如何对待“二战”中的“屠犹”问题 ;如何在“二战”后“后异化”时期 ,开始自己的新生活以及如何处理好与非犹太人特别是阿拉伯人之间的关系 ,为美国犹太文学创作的进一步繁荣做出了贡献。

Irving Howe, well-known American Jewish scholar and critic, asserted that American Jewish literature had 'moved past its high point' after its flowering in the past three decades. His conviction was that American Jewish literature was rooted in Jewish immigrant experiences, which had already been written about quite a lot. Philip Roth opens up a new path, focalizing some major issues, such as the Holocaust, Jewish new lives after the Holocaust and Jewish relationships with Gentile and the Arab, which contemporary Jews, especially the Jewish survivors of the Holocaust, have to confront. Philip Roth has thus contributed a lot to the further flowering of American Jewish literature.