论古希腊诗与乐的融合——兼论柏拉图的乐教思想

The Synthesis of Poetry with Music in Ancient Greece

古希腊音乐的结构要素包括作为诗句歌词的文词、体现风格和旋律的调式、基于格律变化的节奏 ,因此经常被称之为“诗乐”。其艺术特征与历史文化、乐理要求、道德精神和诗乐舞三位一体的表演形式密切相关。为了塑造理想的人格和培养优秀的城邦卫士 ,柏拉图本着道德化的原则 ,强调音乐教育的重要意义 ,推崇多利亚和菲里底亚两种调式。

The ancient Greek music (μουσικη) is composed of three key elements including words (λογου) as poems or verses of songs, mode (αρμονια?) as the manifestation of style and melody, and rhythm (ρυθμου) based on metrical variations. It is therefore often identified with 'music-poetry.' Its artistic features are closely leagued with the performing trinity of poetry, music and dance, in addition to its specific moral ethos, historico-cultural needs and technical requirements in musical art. In order to build up an idealized personality and train good guardians for the city-state, Plato himself keeps to a moralized principle by which he emphasizes the importance of musical education and recommends the Doric (Δωριστι) and Phrygian (Φρυγιστι) modes.