叙事文本的“间离”:陌生化与生活化之间——析洛特曼对《叶甫盖尼·奥涅金》的研究

“Verfremdung”of Narrative Texts:Lotman's Analysis of Eugene Onegin

长期以来 ,文艺理论与批评界已习惯于把文学创作看成是生活的文本化。然而 ,2 0世纪前苏联著名文艺理论家尤利·米哈依洛维奇·洛特曼则在分析普希金的诗体小说《叶甫盖尼·奥涅金》时 ,明确提出文学创作不仅不是生活的文本化 ,而恰恰是文本的生活化。洛特曼运用了布莱希特提出的叙事剧的“间离效果” ,具体揭示了文本生活化的实现过程。

Over a long time, there has been a tendency in the circles of literary theory and criticism to regard literary creation as textualization of life. However, while analysing the prestigious nineteenth century Russian poet Pushkin's poetic novel Eugene Onegin , the famous twentieth century literary theorist of the former Soviet Union Yury Mikhailovich Lotman definitely pointed out that literary creation was not the textual life, but on the contrary, it was lifelike text. To reveal the realization process of making texts lifelike, Lotman also exerted the ″Verfremdungseffekt″ of narrative drama, a theory which was put forward by the famous German dramatist Bertolt Brecht. Lotman's study provides us with valuable reference to the recognition and interpretation of literary texts.