论搜查的理由及证据要求

The Reasons and Evidential Requirement for Search

搜查作为一种强制侦查措施,其对公民的潜在威胁是警察在搜查过程中对公民人身权、财产权和个人隐私权的侵犯。因此,法治国家对搜查采取严格的司法令状主义进行司法控制,并建立严格的证据排除规则体系,对警察非法搜查所获得的利益予以剥夺,以保障公民合法权益不受侵害。警察搜查的权力源于维护公共安全、警察自我防卫、获得刑事诉讼证据的需要。针对警察搜查不同的权力源,在证据要求上也应当不同。

As a kind of compulsory investigating measure , police search is along with the potential violation to people's rights of life, property and privacy . So it is strictly controlled by judicial writ , and we set up exclusion of illegal evidence rule in legal state in order to deprive the benefit obtaining by illegal search and protect the citizen's rights . The power to police search stems from the police duty on the public order guarding , self-protection and obtaining the criminal evidence for justice . The evidential requirement for police search should be differential according to the different authority origins.