对犯罪心理学研究取向的思考

Thoughts on the Orientation of the Research of Criminal Psychology

近年来,关于心理学研究"危机"的议论逐渐多起来;母体的"危机"对其分支学科必然带来影响,这促使了人们加强对犯罪心理学研究取向的反思。心理学研究的"危机"主要反映在研究对象上没有严格区分物质和精神、"物性"和"人性",在研究方法上沿袭自然科学的研究方法。犯罪心理学的研究,也需要明确它的学科性质是偏向于社会科学的中间科学和带有浓厚人文色彩的边缘科学。因此,在研究方法上,不能拘泥于自然科学式的实验室实验研究的方法,而应更多地采用社会科学的以社会为背景的实践检验方法;既要注意到人的生物性方面,更要侧重研究人的社会性方面。在此基础上,文章提出了犯罪心理学的研究原则、研究方法和具体的研究方向问题。

Recent years,growing talks have been heard on the 'crisis' in the orientation of the research of criminal psychology. As the 'crisis' of a primary discipline would inevitably affect its sub-disciplines as well,it becomes necessary for us to think over the orientation of the research of criminal psychology.The 'crisis' in the orientation of the research of psychology mainly shows in a failure to tell the differences between the material side and the mental side, and between the 'nature' and the 'human nature' of the subject investigated, which leads the researchers to limit themselves to the research methods of natural science. As we understand, research on criminal psychology requires a clear understanding of the nature of the discipline: although it is an inter-discipline between natural science and social science and it is closer to the latter with strong feeling of humanities. Therefore, instead of keeping only to the lab research methods of natural science, research of criminal psychology requires the study methods of social science -the study of examples in the real social background. At the same time, more attention should be paid to the study of the social side of the subjects invested, while still studying their natural side. On the basis of the arguments above, this article deals with the research principles,research methods and specific orientation of criminal psychology.