二十一世纪新发传染病——非典型肺炎

Infectious atypical pneumonia--the first severe new disease of the 21st century

传染性非典型肺炎(SARS)是全球人类健康非常严重的威胁,是由一种新病毒——SARS冠状病毒引起的新发传染病,具有全球大流行的潜在可能。2003年1月2日,广东省河源市首次报告非典型肺炎病例;经回顾性调查,首发病例是2002年11月16日,发生于广东省佛山市。2003年2月28日越南河内报告首例SARS。2003年3月12日,WHO发布全球警告;3月15日发布全球旅行紧急建议。4月16日,WHO宣布确定SARS的病原体为一种从未在人类身上发现过的冠状病毒,可能来源于动物。面对一种新发传染病做好宣传教育工作,动员全社会参与尤为重要,信息发布要选择合适的途径,合适的对象,合适的信息和合适的时间。即使暴发过去了,详细的流行病学及环境调查分析,会丰富我们的认识,并可防止疫情的蔓延和再次暴发。控制新发传染病不是局部问题,是超越地域及政府界限的,需要全球支持,国际合作与协调,共同努力把疾病控制在萌芽之中。

SARS (infectious atypical pneumonia ), particularly serious threat to international health, is a newly identified infectious disease caused by a new virus, SARS coronavirus. SARS could become the first severe new disease of the 21st century with global epidemic potential. On January 2, 2003, a case of atypical pneumonia and an outbreak in hospital in the city of Heyuan with unusual clinical manifestations was first reported in Guangdong province. The atypical pneumonia is now thought to date back to at least November 16, 2002, when an initial case was detected in Foshan city. On February 3, 2003, mandatory atypical pneumonia case reporting using a standard case definition and reporting form was instituted in Guangdong. On February 28, 2003, SARS was first identified by Dr Carlo Urbani in Viet Nam, a patient with a severe form of pneumonia for which no etiology could be found. On March 12, 2003, WHO issued a global alert about cases of atypical pneumonia. On March 15, WHO issued emergency travel advisory. On April 16, 2003, WHO announced that a new pathogen, a member of the coronavirus family never seen before in humans, is the cause of SARS. Choosing the right channel to reach the right audience with the right message at the right time is vital. Even when an outbreak is over, a thorough epidemiologic and environmental investigation often can increase our knowledge of a given disease and prevent future outbreaks. The control of emerging diseases is never a local issue; it is a mission beyond any geographical or political boundaries and frontiers. Global support, international collaboration and concerted efforts across different specialties and disciplines have contributed to the success in nipping the problem in the bud.