应用DNA标记分析稻飞虱的抗性基因(英文)

Applications of DNA-Markers to Analyze Rice Planthopper Resistance Genes

简要地回顾了水稻抗飞虱的遗传位点定位和作图的新进展。来自具有不同基因组的野生稻渗入系的 4个抗褐飞虱基因Bph 1、bph 2、bph 4和Bph 9,以及 4个暂定名抗褐飞虱基因Bph 10 (t)、bph 11(t)、bph 12 (t)和Bph 13(t) ,目前已被定位于水稻 12条染色体中的 5条。其中 ,Bph 1、bph 2、Bph 9和Bph 10 (t)在水稻第 12染色体的长臂上形成 1个连锁区段 ,位于bph 2位点附近约 2 5cM。检测出几个对田间抗性和杀卵作用有影响的QTL。抗白背飞虱基因Wbph 1、Wbph 2和Wbph 6 (t)已经或暂时定位了。粳稻中对白背飞虱具有杀卵抗性的QTL已进行了详细的分析 ,在第 6染色体的短臂上检测到有效的QTL ,在同一位点鉴定出 1个显性的杀卵基因Ovc。在杀卵基因Ovc存在时 ,第 1染色体上的 1个QTL和第 5染色体上的 2个QTL增加白背飞虱的卵死亡率。用DNA标记进行QTL作图可以加深人们对作物抗虫性中复杂的生理和遗传机理的理解。标记辅助选择可以加速培育具多基因抗虫性的作物 ,还可以将野生种中的有利抗虫特性转入改良品种中 ,增加作物抗虫性的持久性和遗传多样性。

Recent achievements in molecular tagging and mapping of genetic loci for rice planthopper resistance in rice were briefly reviewed. Four rice genes for the brown planthopper (BPH) resistance, Bph 1, bph 2, bph 4 and Bph 9, and four putative BPH-resistance genes, Bph 10(t), bph 11(t), bph 12(t) and Bph 13(t), introgressed from wild rice species with different genomes have so far been mapped onto 5 of 12 rice chromosomes. Of them, Bph 1, bph 2, Bph 9 and Bph 10(t), have been found forming a linkage block on the long arm of rice chromosome 12, in the vicinity of about 25 cM from the bph 2 locus. Several QTLs affecting field resistance and ovicidal activities have also been detected. The whitebacked planthopper (WBPH) resistance genes, Wbph 1, Wbph 2 and Wbph 6(t) have been tagged or tentatively mapped. QTLs for ovicidal resistance to WBPH in japonica rice have been analyzed in detail. The effective QTL has been detected on the short arm of chromosome 6, and a dominant ovicidal gene Ovc has been identified at the locus. One QTL on chromosome 1 and two QTLs on chromosome 5 increased WBPH egg mortality in the presence of ovicidal gene Ovc. QTL mapping with DNA-markers will increase our understandings of complicated physiological and genetic mechanisms in varietal resistance in crop plants. Marker- assisted selection will facilitate to develop insect resistant crops with polygenic basis, and to introduce valuable insect resistance traits from wild relatives into improved crop varieties in order to increase durability and genetic diversity of insect resistance in the crops.