中国杂交稻组合汕优63上白背飞虱多发生的成因探讨

Causal Analysis on the Whitebacked Planthopper Prevalence in Chinese Hybrid Rice Shanyou 63

以汕优 6 3及其亲本、常规稻春江 11为材料 ,研究了白背飞虱在中国杂交稻品种汕优 6 3上大量发生的主要原因。从杂交稻汕优 6 3和常规粳稻春江 11上白背飞虱的发生情况来看 ,白背飞虱长翅型雌成虫的迁入密度和产卵数没有明显差异 ,种群的变化也一致。但汕优 6 3的卵孵化率较高 ,若虫种群密度也明显较高。从汕优 6 3及其亲本对白背飞虱的反应来看 ,汕优 6 3的恢复系明恢 6 3抑制白背飞虱的繁殖 ,但不育系珍汕 97A和保持系珍汕 97B对白背飞虱繁殖有促进作用。珍汕 97A和汕优 6 3的稻 飞虱间的干物质转化率基本相同 ,但汕优 6 3具有较高的干物质生产能力 ,可能使白背飞虱繁殖密度较高。日平均蜜露分泌量 ,以珍汕 97A和珍汕 97B最多 ,明恢 6 3最少 ,汕优 6 3居中。珍汕 97A的筛管液中大部分是主要氨基酸 ,浓度高于汕优 6 3和明恢 6 3。汕优 6 3与明恢 6 3的筛管液中氨基酸的总浓度基本相同 ,但微量氨基酸浓度高于明恢6 3。总的来看 ,汕优 6 3的白背飞虱繁殖率较高 ,主要原因在于不育系珍汕 97A的高感虫性和杂种优势的高干物质转化能力产生的耐受性 ,而不是珍汕 97A的白背飞虱感虫性和细胞质不育导致的。

Population build-up of the whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera, was comparatively observed on a Chinese hybrid rice Shanyou 63 (SY-63) and inbred rice Chunjiang 11 (CJ-11) under the field conditions. WBPH immigrated and laid eggs evenly to the hybrid rice SY-63 and CJ-11. WBPH established significantly higher density of population on SY-63 than did on CJ-11,because of different egg mortality between the varieties. Population build-up by WBPH was compared between SY-63 and its parental lines. WBPH population was suppressed in the restorer line Minghui 63 (MH-63), while exceedingly promoted in Zhenshan 97A (ZS-97A) and Zhenshan 97B (ZS-97B), the CMS and its maintainer lines, respectively. Biomasses of SY-63 and ZS-97A were equally efficiently converted to WBPH biomass. However, SY-63 allowed WBPH to reproduce more progenies without suffering destructive damages, because of its greater biomass productivity compared to ZS-97A. WBPH females excreted larger amounts of honeydew, indicating higher rate of sucking on ZS-97A and ZS-97B, and relatively less honeydew on MH-63 than on SY-63. WBPH sucking on ZS-97A could be stimulated by significantly higher concentration of free amino acids in the phloem sap. On the contrary, MH-63 might suppress WBPH sucking due to its poor amino acid components in the phloem sap. As a conclusion, prevalence of WBPH in SY-63 was caused by extreme susceptibility inherited from ZS-97A, and great tolerance to WBPH infestation due to heterosis in SY-63. The extreme susceptibility was not associated with the CMS trait in ZS-97A.