土壤团聚体的形成与分散及其在农业生产上的应用

Review on Formation and Dispersion of Aggregates and Their Application in Agriculture

土壤团聚体是保持土壤水分和土壤透性的基本单元。本综述的目的是通过围绕团聚体理论的讨论,明确影响团聚体形成的因素,为农田维护提出可靠的理论依据。首先总结了团聚体形成的主要理论,即Emerson的粘团理论、Edwards和Bremner的微团聚体理论和Oades及Waters的团聚体分级构建理论,然后讨论了土壤有机质、可溶性阳离子和氧化铁、铝3个影响团聚体形成的主要因素,最后分析了团聚体破坏的机理和评价团聚体稳定性的主要方法,指出保持土壤颗粒的凝聚状态、增加各种形态的土壤有机质是增加土壤团聚性的主要措施。

Aggregates are the basic units holding plant-available water and keeping the soil permeable. Objectives of this review are to highlight soil aggregating-factors, which are basic knowledge to soil management through discussion around aggregate-forming theories. This review firstly summarized the three main aggregate-formation theories: clay domain theory of Emerson, micro-aggregates theory of Edwards and Bremner and the hierarchical theory of Oades and Waters, then discussed the roles of organic matter, soluble salts and sesquioxides in aggregation of soil particles, thirdly analyzed the mechanism of aggregate slaking and dispersion and their main evaluating methods, and eventually indicated that keeping soil particles in aggregated state and increasing the soil organic matter of different types had been the main measures to increase the degree of aggregation.