水土保持林树种结构调整技术研究

Adjustment Techniques of Species Structure on Soil and Water Conservation Forest

针对辽西水土保持林中油松纯林集中成片、松毛虫猖獗的树种结构现状,采用了廊道式、斑块式、林中空地、林中沟壑、封山育林、飞播造林和营造混交林7种调整方法,对油松纯林进行了树种结构调整试验。根据不同树种水分利用、生长情况等综合指标,筛选出了14个适合水土保持林树种结构调整的树种。通过不同调整类型的对比试验及适地适树原则,划分并营建了适合辽西水土保持林树种结构调整的3种调整模式。试验结果表明,水土保持林中的油松纯林经树种结构调整后,林分中松毛虫不再大发生,水土保持功能有了明显提高,林木生长加快,经济效益和社会效益成倍增加。调整后的水土保持林形成了3种林分类型:在立地条件差的地方为生态型水土保持林;在条件中等的地方为生态经济型水土保持林;在条件较好的地方为商品用材型水土保持林。

Adjustment experiments with 7 methods were done in soil and water conservation forest in western Liaoning. The aims are to solve the problems of pine caterpillars and pure forest of Chinese Pine are too larger. The methods are corridor method, patches method, method of open ground in forest, method of ravine in forest, method of closing the land for reforestation, method of reforestation with plane and method of planting trees into mixed stand. 14 species were selected to adjustment of species structure in soil and water conservation forest based on the abilities of water utilization of tree species and growth situation. 3 adjustment patterns of species structure of soil and water conservation forest are set up based on experiment and matching species with the site. After pure forest of Chinese Pine were adjusted Pine caterpillars no more occurred with higher amount, and abilities of soil and water conservation grew, and tree growth increased, economic and social benefit were double than before. Now, there are 3 stands after adjusted, the first one is soil and water conservation forest with ecological benefit on poor condition, the second one is soil and water conservation forest with ecological and economic benefit in medium condition, the last one is soil and water conservation forest with timber benefit on good condition.