民法调整对象之争:从《民法通则》到《物权法》——改革开放30年中国民事立法主要障碍之形成、再形成及其克服

Debate on Civil Law Object:from Civil Law General Principles to Real Right Law

在中国,民法调整对象的立法确认过程,就是中国民法获得其生存和发展空间的历史过程,也是民法挣脱公法的束缚争取其独立地位的过程,而1986年《民法通则》在公法与私法划分理论的基础上所作出的有关民法调整对象的立法表达,正是这一艰苦斗争历程的辉煌成果。它不仅为中国民法在其后的发展奠定了坚实的基础,而且为1999年新《合同法》的制订,扫清了最为主要的立法障碍。但是,导致早期经济法理论崩溃的决定性力量,是迅猛发展的经济体制改革之社会实践本身。2007年颁布的《物权法》模糊并扩大了调整对象范围,进入了大量的公法规则,有可能为中国未来民法典的制订再度形成新的障碍,这一障碍的克服,依赖于经济体制改革的进一步深化。

In China, the process of the object of Civil Law being affirmed in law is not only the historical process of the Chinese civil struggling with survival and the developing opportunities,but also the process for the civil law to shake off the public law and to strive for its independent status. It is the brilliant achievement of this hard struggle, the legislative expression of Civil Law object based on the theory of differentiate between the private law and the public law in 1986 Civil Law General Principles...