雅鲁藏布江中游地区河流泥沙近期变化及防治对策

Current Change on Sedimentation and Control Its Method in Middle Yalungtsangpo River

雅江中游地区干支流60～90年代径流量、输沙量和含沙量分析表明,60年代以来,区内干支流降雨量、径流量呈递减的趋势,80年代降雨量减幅最大,较60年代减少22.4%,径流量最大减幅29.0%;输沙量和含沙量均呈明显的递增趋势,输沙量雅江干流90年代增幅最高为34.6%,年楚河增加28.3%,拉萨河增加87.9%。含沙量以90年代变化最为明显,尤以拉萨河增幅最高,为50%,其次为年楚河,增加16.4%,雅江干流增加12.5%。为有效控制雅江中游地区水土流失和改变生态环境,提出了以改变农村燃料结构、开发新能源、推广节能新技术为主的水土保持防治对策。

It deals with current changes on annual rainfall and sediment yields and sediment content since 1960s in the middle Yalungtsangpo. The results indicated sediment yield has increased while that runoff and annual rainfall has decreased in the middle Yalungtsangpo since 1960s. The annual rainfall and runoff has decreased 22.4% and 29.0% respectively, while the sediment yield and sediment content has increased 34.6% and 12.5% that than 1960s in the Yalungtsangpo. The Nianchu river has increased 28.3% and 16.4% on sediment yield and sediment content, while the Lasha river has increased 87.9% and 50% respectively since 1990s.Current increase tendency of sediment yields in the middle Yalungtsangpo is because the negative influences of the human activities are greater than the positive influences.