中国北方农牧交错带农业经营方向初探——以晋陕蒙甘宁青地区为例

Probe into the Management Direction of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Interlaced Zone in Northern China -Exampled in Shanxi, Shaaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai

农业 (包括农林牧副渔业等 )是对生态环境依附性很强、影响又大的基础产业。要使农业快速、稳定发展 ,又不损害生态环境 ,实现可持续农业发展 ,必须选择正确的农业经营方向。从农牧交错带的资源状况、农业生产对生态环境的负面影响以及建立特色产业 3个方面 ,肯定了研究区宜牧而不宜农 ,探讨了牧农错位的原因和过程 ,以及由以农为主向以牧为主经营方向转变的有利条件 。

Agriculture (including farming, forestry, animal husbandry, side line production and fishery) is a fundamental industry that considerably relies on the eco environment. Only the correct agricultural management direction can make the industry develop fast, stably and continually, and does not harm the eco environment. Through analyzing on the resources condition, feedback of agriculture production to the eco environment and the establishment of the characteristic industry, it was determined that the agricultural management direction is animal husbandry but not farming in the agriculture and animal husbandry interlaced zone of northern China. Besides, the causes and processes of farming pasturing interlacing as well as the advantage of transiting farming dominated direction to pasturing dominated direction are discussed in the paper. Some countermeasures about largely developing pasture based animal husbandry are also suggested.