我国半干旱地区土壤的特性与可持续发展

Soil Property and Sustainable Development in Semi-arid Area of China

我国年降水量 2 5 0～ 4 5 0mm的半干旱地区 ,主要发育有栗钙土、淡黑垆土、黑麻土、黄绵土和灰钙土。前四者具有半干润土壤水分状况 ,后者存在干旱土壤水分状况。贫乏的土壤水分状况与区内的光热资源匹配不协调 ,限制了天然乔木林的正常生存 ,制约了农业的不稳定 ,但却适宜耐旱灌木和耐旱禾草植物生长。因此 ,区内可持续发展 :一要发展水利 ,二要建造水平梯田 ,三要根据土壤适生耐旱草灌植物的特性 ,在发展农业的同时 ,扩大发展草业、饲养业。

Chestnut soil, light black mature soil, black gunny soil, yellow cotton soil and sierozem are principally developed in semi arid area with 250～450 mm precipitation. Among these soils sierozen has arid soil moisture condition, the other three have semi arid or semi humid moisture condition. The growing of the natural tree forest is limited by the inferior soil moisture condition and the incoordination of the light and heat resources, but arid tolerant shrubs and grasses grow well under the condition. For actualizing the sustainable development of the semi arid area the following strategies must be taken: (1) to develop water conservancy; (2) to built level terraces field; (3) to extend the grass cultivation, animal breeding and deep processing of animal by products.