现代化和英国农业制度性及结构性的变革

Modernization and institutional and structural changes of British agriculture

在现代化进程中,英国“农业革命”先于工业革命,并且伴随着工业化和都市化过程发生了两个突出的制度性和结构性的变革:一是符合英国国情的农牧混合体制的定位和完善,实现了农业合理结构和高效益;二是突破封建小农式的“生计农业”的封闭格式,向市场农业转变,农业专门化和商品化进入由市场调节的高层次阶段。这些变革保证英国农业在提高整体素质和效益基础上通过农业经济结构调整,面向市场,加速农业持续稳定发展,促进工业革命深入开展,促进英国现代化经济飞速发展。

Agriculture revolution' appeared prior to industrial revolution inBritain during the course of her modernization. Two prominent institutional and structural changes arised along with industrialization and urbanizatoin. One issituation of Britain, which achieved a sound agricultural structure and greatprofits. The other is the breakthrough out of the introverted pattern of a livelihood agriculture' characteristic of feudalistic smallholders and the orientation towards the higher level of agricultural specialization and commercialization regulated by market. These transformations improved the overall quality and profits of British agriculture and on these basis they promoted the sustained development of agriculture and the deeper development of industrial revolution and finally accelerated British modernized economy.