国内外急倾斜矿床开采沉陷研究方法的剖析及优选决策

ANALYSIS AND OPTIMAL SELECTION OF RESEARCH METHODS FOR SURFACE SUBSIDENCE IN MINING OF STEEP DEPOSITS AT HOME AND ABROAD

崩落法开采急倾斜金属矿山的地表沉陷问题是国际性重大难题 ,属构造应力影响下地表移动问题。目前国内外通用的煤矿地表移动规律与地表变形预计方法都不适用 ,寻求适宜的研究方法是解决该难题的关键。在剖析国内外该类工程科研成败实践基础上 ,得出陡倾角、高构造应力、岩体结构与放矿量时空配置为其 3个主控因素。对比相应研究方法 ,得出了以考虑概化地应力的改化随机介质理论为基本方法 ,以前苏联经验类比法满足矿山设计急需 ,以数值分析法作为参考 ,强化监测及疏水的地表沉陷附加影响的综合工程科研决策。

The surface subsidence for caving mining used for metal mines with steep veins, a worldwide difficult problem, belongs to the realm of surface movement under the effect of tectonic stress. All of the surface movement rule and deformation prediction methods adopted presently at home and abroad are unsuitable. So, the key to the difficult problem is to find a due research method. On the basis of thoroughly studying the successful and failed projects both at home and abroad, including those projects in the mines under Wuhan Iron and Steel Company, three main factors to control the surface subsidence have been found out. These factors are the steep dip angle, high tectonic stress and the space-time disposition of rockmass configuration to drawn ore amount. Compared with other relative methods, a comprehensive research decision is worked out. In this decision, the altered random-medium theory is taken as a basic method, the former Soviet's empiric analogies are used for mine design at urgent need, the numerical analysis is taken as the reference and water monitoring and discharge, an additional factor of influencing the surface subsidence, are strengthened.