汉语类指成分的语义属性和句法属性

Semantic and syntactic properties of kind-denoting elements in Chinese

本文探讨以主语/话题为原型位置的类指成分的语义属性及其在汉语中的句法表现。类指NP以其非个体性而区别于其他各种指称义,凸显内涵而抑制外延,但不像无指NP那样只有内涵没有外延。类指主语适合属性谓语而排斥事件谓语,其中"多/少"类谓语专用于类指主语,可作为类指的测试框架。类指的典型形式是光杆NP,有理由假定汉语的光杆NP都有类指属性。口语中类指NP也常带定冠词性的标记,与英语the相似,表现为北京话中轻读的"这"、吴语的泛用量词"个"和粤语的复数量词"啪",后两者体现了量词强势方言的特点,这些类指标记同时有明显的表话题功能。而用"一个NP"表示类指则是以个体转喻类的用法。

This paper discusses semantic and syntactic properties of kind-denoting NP (KNP) as typically occurring in subject/topic positions in Chinese. Semantically, KNPs can be distinguished from other types of referentiality in terms of its non-individuality. It highlights intension while restraining extension. KNP subjects require individual-level predicate and rule out stage-level ones. The predicate of duo/shao (numerous / rare) can serve as a testing frame for KNP. KNP typically appears as bare NP in Chinese. ...