玉杯记所记弘历古玉辨伪方法之探讨

A study ot the Qianlong,s methods ot appzaising ancient jade

乾隆帝弘历是清朝第四代皇帝,他在其祖、父两代政绩的基础上,把清朝社会政治经济推向空前繁荣的时代,这就是史学家所说的康乾盛世。乾隆帝在国泰民安的社会条件下,在忙于处理全国军政大事之余暇还抽空赋诗作画、赏阅古玩以陶冶心性。他一生共写下八百余篇考辨古玉评议苏玉的诗文,其中一篇御制文《玉杯记》(图1)成于乾隆十八年(1753年),是他观赏玉杯辨别真伪的记录,也是我们研究乾隆帝古玉辨伪方法的宝贵资料。一、弘历古玉辨伪的一段小小弯路我们读了《玉杯记》之后,便可了解弘历古玉辨伪的过程及其一段小小弯路。

This paper analyses the main methods of appraising jade cup and a secret recipe for making artificial amber colour exuded on jade cup and its workmanship,which are in- cluded in the Emperor Qianlong s article “Notes on Jade Cup”.The author points out the important value of the“white jade eared cup with design of two boys”used as a model of distinguishing forgery of ancient jade.