北京地区土地利用/覆盖变化研究

A study on land use/cover change in Beijing area

本文利用 1975、 1984、 1991和 1997的LandsatTM /MSS数据 ,对北京地区改革开放以来 2 2年的土地利用 /覆盖变化进行了研究。结果表明从 1975～ 1997年 ,北京地区发生了快速城市化背景下的大规模土地利用 /覆盖变化 ,表现出城镇用地通过大量占用平原区耕地扩展 ,非城镇用地间结构变化明显的基本特征。同时土地利用 /覆盖变化区域差异明显 ,近郊区和远郊区的土地利用 /覆盖变化强度发生了逆转 ,远郊区土地利用 /覆盖变化强度在 90年代已经超过近郊区 ,而且该区高密度城镇用地的重心也向西北方向发生了一定程度的移动 。

In the paper, based on the LandsatTM/MSS data in 1975, 1984, 1991 and 1997, the land use/cover change in Beijing area was examined with the support of RS and GIS. Conclusions of the study are drawn as follows: The large-scale land use/cover change took place in Beijing area in the process of rapid urbanization from 1975 to 1997 with major characteristics of urban expansion at the expanse of encroaching cultivated lnad in the plain area and of obvious structural readjustment occurring in other land use/cover types. There existed obvious regional difference in land use/cover change in Beijing area during the past twenty-odd years and the land use/cover change rate in exurb has already exceeded that in suburb in the 1990s. With drastic land use/cover change in the region, the barycenterof the high-density urban land moved to the northwest to certain extent during the past decades, showing that the urban land use density in the west and northwest of Beijing city improved obviously with the expanding trend to the west and northwest in the same period.