滩涂围垦区的水土流失及其治理

Soil and Water Losses and Management in Enclose Tideland for Cultivation Zone

江苏滩涂为粉砂质沉积物组成 ,有机质含量低 ,结构性差 ,抗蚀能力弱。为了解滩涂围垦区的水土流失特征及其治理途径 ,依据多年对该区的调查、观测资料 ,分析了该区水土流失的特征 :降雨是该区水土流失的最主要外营力 ,水蚀是该区水土流失的主要形式 ;粉砂土抗剪强度小 ,该区的重力侵蚀总是与水蚀相伴而生 ;风蚀是滩涂新垦区在缺乏植被保护的情况下造成水土流失的主要原因之一 ;提出了该区水土流失的治理途径 :科学规划 ,合理确定改良利用方向 ;采取生物措施 ,改善生态环境 ,建立人工生态系统 ;进行必要的工程措施 ,提高沟河路渠抗蚀能力 ;精心护理 ,合理耕作 ,提高盐土抗蚀能力。可为滩涂围垦区的水土保持及土地的综合开发利用提供依据 。

Seashore is composed of silty sediment in Jiangsu province, content of organic matter is low, soil structure is bad, and the capacity of resistance to erosion is weak. To probe into the characters of soil and water losses and management ways in enclose tideland for cultivation, according to the investigated and measured data in this region. The characters of soil and water losses in enclose tideland for cultivation of seashore were analyzed: Precipitation is the most mainly external agent to lead to soil and water losses, water erosion is main form of soil and water losses. Resistance to shear of silty soil is small, gravitational erosion always takes place as the same time as water erosion. Wind erosion is one of main form of soil and water losses under the condition of lacking the vegetation protection. Management ways of soil and water loses in enclose tideland for cultivation of seashore were put forward: Scientific program and reasonable determine use and improve direction. Adopt biological ways to improve eco environment and construct artificial eco system. Carry out necessary engineering ways to improve the capacity of resistance to erosion of gully, river and road. Nurse with the best of care and reasonable cultivation to improve the capacity of resistance to erosion of saline soil. These provided basis for conservation of soil and water and comprehensive exploitation of land in enclose tideland for cultivation, and have significance for economic sustainable development of this region.