祁连山山地森林消洪补枯作用及功能分析

Analysis of Effect and Function of Dispel Flood and Compensate Scanty on Mountain Forest in Qilian Mountains

根据 2 0多年的观测研究 ,结果表明 :祁连山水源涵养林把夏秋季集中、过多的降水储存在土壤内或转化为壤中流、地下径流 ,把冬季降雪储存于林内 ,到春天随着天气回暖以冰冻形式和积雪形式储存的降水逐渐消融补给河川 ,有效的缓解了中下游地区春旱和夏秋洪涝灾害 ;山地森林消洪补枯作用在于森林通过林冠层、苔藓枯枝落叶层、森林土壤层对降水进行截留、吸收、储存、转化 ,使发源于山地森林覆盖区的河川枯水期径流量增大、洪水期径流量减少、水资源利用率提高 ;森林覆盖率为 6 5 %的流域相对于森林覆盖率 3 2 %的流域没有引起河川径流总量减少。

The water resource conservation forest can collects centralized and excessive precipitation in the soil or transfer it into through-flow and groundwater run off in the summer and fall. In the winter, it collects snow and compensate to the river until the next spring when the snow melts. It has effectively alleviated the spring drought and summer-autumn flood disaster. Its effect lies in: by canopy, litter, forest soil to intercept, absorb, store and transfer water which made the river in the forest cover area outflow increased in the scanty-water stage, while decreased in the flood stage, and improve the use of the water resource. It is found that the area with 65% of forest coverage 32% does not decreased the total runoff of the rivers compared to that with 32% of forest coverage.