共生性广谱生物固氮菌剂在红黄壤水稻上的应用效应研究

Effect of symbiotic and broad-spectrum N-fixing bacteria on rice grown in red yellow soil

将共生性广谱生物固氮菌剂 G肥应用于红黄壤水稻上 ,对水稻的一些生理活性、水稻的衰老、土壤肥力变化、稻米品质和产量进行了研究。结果表明 ,施用 G肥能有效地促进水稻生长 ,稻株出叶速度加快 ,分蘖速度快 ,成穗率提高 ;叶片叶绿素含量提高 ,根系活力增强 ,尤其是在灌浆成熟期仍保持较高的叶绿素含量和根系活力 ,剑叶 SOD、POD等保护酶类活性提高、MDA含量降低 ,对于提高光合速率、争取高产优质是极为有利的。结果还表明 ,施用 G肥与常规栽培比 ,对稻米品质无明显影响。此外 ,施用 G肥可减少氮肥 2 0 % ,改善水稻经济性状 ,提高产量 ,直接经济效益明显 ;施用 G肥可有效缓解偏施氮肥引起的土壤酸化 ,提高土壤全氮含量和有机质含量 。

The experiments on symbiotic and broad spectrum N fixing bacteria, called G fertilizer (GF) applying to rice grown in red yellow soil was conducted to determine some physiological traits, senescence , soil fertility and rice quality as well as rice yield for different treatments. The results showed that application of GF obviously affected the growth and development of rice in that the rate of leaf expansion and growth were enhanced, and the number of effective tillers was significantly increased. In addition, the chlorophyll content and the activity of root system in GF applied rice were higher in comparison with the control. During the duration from flowering to grain filling stage, GF treated plants had higher chlorophyll content, and peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in flag leaf and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content, suggesting its positive effect on enlarging assimilate synthesis during milking stage and improving rice quality. The results also showed that at least 20% nitrogen could be saved when GF was applied to rice, meanwhile rice yield and quality were improved. GF application was also beneficial to alleviate the acidification by applying chemical N fertilizer and to increase total N content and organic matter content in soil, in addition, there was no significant difference between Treatment G N and CK2 in most of rice quality indexes.