吉林省西部苏打盐碱土改良研究

Improvement of Soda-typed Saline-Alkaline Soil in Western Jilin Province

通过盆栽及田间生物试验，结合室内分析，重点研 究了改良剂硫酸铝和地膜覆盖对盐碱地旱田的改良效果．结果表明：强碱性苏打盐碱土中添 加改良剂硫酸铝后，土壤平衡溶液的ｐＨ值明显下降，Ｃａ２＋＋Ｍｇ２＋、Ｋ＋及Ｎａ＋ 离子浓度明显增加，土壤的吸水量和吸水速度、毛管水上升高度和速度明显提高．旱田施用 硫酸铝后，大粒径微团聚体数量明显增多，土壤容重变小，孔隙度增大．盆栽条件下，随硫酸铝用量（０％－０．８％）的增加，作物出苗率及生长状况逐渐变好；田间条件下，施用改良 剂和覆膜对玉米出苗率及苗期生长均有良好作用，但玉米产量则以硫酸铝加覆膜的处理最高．

Effects of aluminum sulfate and plastic mulching on the improvement of soda saline-alkaline soil in the west- ern Jilin Province were stu died through pot cultures and field experiments. The results showed that the application of alu- minum sulfate significantly decreased the pH value of the equilibrium solution of the soil with high alkalinity, and increased the concentrations of Ca2++Mg2+、K+ and Na+, soil capacity, water-absorbing rate of the soil, capillary height and the rate of capillary rise. In pot culture, with the increase of the application of aluminum sulfate from 0 to 0.8%, the emer- gence rate of seedlings of test crops increased and the seedlings grew better. In dry land, the application of aluminum sul- fate significantly increased the amount of macro granular aggregate and the pore volume of the soil, but decreased the amount of micro granular aggregate and the specific weight of the soil. The effects were more significant with the increase of the application of aluminum sulfate. In field, both application of aluminum sulfate and plastic mulching increased the e- mergence rate of seedlings of maize, and improved the growth of the seedlings. However, the yield of maize was higher with the application of aluminum sulfate accompanied by plastic mulching than that with either treatment alone.