美国早期宪政史上的联邦法令废止权

Nullification in the Early History of U.S.Constitutional Government

美国的州权是美国早期宪政史的一个重要问题。它最集中地体现在联邦法令废止权 (nullification)这一州主权论中。联邦法令废止权在1798年的《肯塔基决议案》和《弗吉尼亚决议案》中初露端倪 ,并在 1832年的《南卡罗来纳废止联邦法令公告》中发展成型。前两个决议案和后面的公告所依据的理论根据、所倡导的否决国会立法的方式既存在着联系 ,又存在着差别。由于所处的历史时期不同 ,它们与美国宪法及宪法实践的关系也不尽相同。

The U.S. State's Rights was an important issue in the early history of U.S. constitutional government. It is most concentratedly embodied in the nullification. The nullification began to take shape in the Kentucky Resolution of 1798 and the Virginia Resolution of 1798, and developed into finished form in South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification, Nov. 24, 1832. As regards the former two resolutions and the latter ordinance, their theoretical foundations and their ways negating congress legislations have wide connections and marked differences as well. As they appeared at different historical periods, their relations with U.S. constitution and constitutional practices differed from one another.