关于汉语的语序问题(一)

On the Problem of Chinese Constituent Order

0.引言 :论述了语序的重要性 ,认为语序是一种重要的语法形式或语法手段 ;总结了语序研究的概况 ,指出汉语语法学界历来重视汉语语序的研究 ,取得了一定的成绩 ,但也存在着不少分歧 ,有待于进行深入研究。 1.论述了语序的性质和研究语序的目的、方法 :认为语序不等于词序 ,应该把语序和词序严格区别开来 ,指出“词序”是指词的排序或语法单位的排序 ,“语序”是指结构成分的排序 (即“成分序”) ,并论证了二者的区别和联系 ;指出研究语序的目的是为了说明语法结构的内部成分的排序规则 ,以便更好地概括静态句子的基本类型和动态句子的语序变化 ;讨论了研究语序的方法 ,强调要区别三种不同的语序 (句法语序、语义语序、语用语序 ) ,要区别静态语序和动态语序 ,要区别倒装移位和非倒装移位 ,要区别个例和类型。2 .论述了句法语序 :指出句法语序是指句法结构中句法成分的排序 ;较详细地讨论了汉语句法语序在静态短语中的一般规则和在动态句子中的变化规则。

Introduction:this section discusses the importance of constituent order,we propose that constituent order is a kind of important grammar form or Grammar means.We summarize the general situation of the constituent order study,indicating that the Chinese grammar academic circle has devoted much attention to the constituent order study,and has made achievements,but has many differences of opinion.It still needs further studying.1.This section investigates the character of constituent order,and discusses the aim and methodology of constituent order study.We argue that the constituent order is not equivalent to the word order.We maintain that we should make a distinction between constituent order and word order,indicating that 'word order' is the order of word or order of grammar unit,and 'constituent order' is the order of structural component ('component order').We discuss the difference and connection between them and point out that the aim of the constituent order study is to illustrate the order of grammar structures interior components,in order to summarize the basic types of static sentences and the constituent order change of dynamic sentence.We stress that we should distinguish three kinds of constituent order (syntactic constituent order,semantic constituent order and pragmatic constituent order),we distinguish static constituent order and dynamic constituent order,we distinguish inverted shift and non inverted shift,and also distinguish token and type.2.This section discusses the syntactic constituent order.We indicate that the syntactic constituent order is the order of the syntactic component in syntactic structure;then we discuss Chinese syntactic word orders default rules in static phrase and deviate rules in dynamic sentence.