乳磨牙牙槽骨高度的分析研究

Analysis of the alveolar bone height of primary molars

目的 研究分析儿童正常乳磨牙牙槽骨的高度 ,探讨影响儿童牙槽骨高度的各种因素及其测量方法 ,确定儿童牙槽骨丧失的诊断标准。方法 以Digora数字式X线摄影系统和改良的咬合翼片固位装置 ,拍摄2 0 9名 3～ 9岁儿童正常乳磨牙的标准咬合翼片后 ,用Digora系统的距离测量功能 ,获得X线片乳磨牙邻面釉牙骨质界至牙槽嵴的距离 ,作为乳磨牙牙槽骨的相对高度 ,研究其生理变化范围 ,并进一步分析其与年龄、性别、颌位、牙位等的关系。结果 正常乳磨牙邻面釉牙骨质界至牙槽嵴顶距离的平均值为 ( 1 .1 4± 0 .3 0 )mm ,存在个体差异。牙位不同 ,距离不同 (P <0 .0 1 )。下颌牙的距离大于上颌同名牙的距离 (P <0 .0 1 )。性别不同牙的距离在上颌无显著性差异 ,而下颌男性大于女性 (P <0 .0 1 )。距离与年龄有一定的相关性 ,随年龄的增长呈增加趋势 (r =0 .4 1 96,P =0 .0 0 0 1 )。结论 正常乳磨牙牙槽骨的高度受个体差异、年龄、性别、颌位和牙位的影响 ,在一定生理范围内变化 ( <2mm) ,如 >2mm ,则提示有牙槽骨吸收。Digora数字式X线摄影系统和改良的固位装置适用于此项检查。

Objective Study the alveolar bone height of normal primary molars of children, discuss the influencing factors and measuring methods and determine the diagnosis criteria of alveolar bone loss. Methods Take standardized bitewing radiographs of primary molars of 209 children aging from 3 to 9 years with the Digora X ray system and the positioning divice. Measure the distance between the cementoenamel junction and alveolar boine creset as the relative height of alveolar bone. Acquire the physiological range of the distance and then analysis the correlation betwween the distance and teeth、 sex、 jaw、 age. Results The mean distance of all normal primary molars is 1.14±0.30 mm, but showing individual difference. Different teeth have different distance. Mandibular teeth have larger distance than maxillary teeth. In mandible, boys larger distance, while there is no difference in maxillary between different sex. There is a covariance between age and distance. Conclusion Influenced by individual difference、 teeth、 sex、 jaw and age, the distance has a normal physiological range, but usually<2 mm. It indicates a pathological bone loss when a site has the distance >2 mm. The Digora X ray system and the positioning device are suitable to radiograph examination of children.