论西方近代的“世界历史”观念

On the Idea of World History/Universal History in Western Modern Age

“世界历史”观念作为我们理解世界、描述世界的理论框架 ,起源于希腊化时代 ;中世纪 ,它融入宗教哲学 ,完成了哲学化转向。近代以来 ,理性取代了上帝 ,“世界历史”观念随之转向认识论 ,并逐步成为孕育欧洲中心论的温床。近代早期 ,维柯与伏尔泰为近代“世界历史”观念确立了基本的范式 ,这种范式大大削弱了中世纪“世界历史”观念广泛具有的实践性。自康德始 ,近代“世界历史”观念以德国思想家为其表述者。康德的创造性表现在 ,他认为普遍世界历史的存在 ,首先是人们以某种预想为线索进行撰述的结果 ;赫德尔则以强调个体的特殊性与历史性的方式来撰述世界历史。西方近代“世界历史”观念的集大成者黑格尔。他的世界历史思想代表着近代“世界历史”观念的确立与完善 ,同时意味着中世纪普世主义“世界历史”

In Modern age, reason has substituted the status of the God. As a theoretical mode we understand and describe our world, the idea of world history/universal history turned to epistemology and became seedbed of the Eurocentrism. Vico and Voltaire established the basic paradigm of the idea of world history/universal history. They considered it is the history that reason was originated, developed and matured in space and time of the world. Since the age of Kant, German thinkers had described more. Kant and Herder thought world history/universal history is a mode that person understands the total of historical phenomena. Their theories of world history/universal history based on the Eurocentrism and had included elements deconstrcting itself. The appearance of Hegel's philosophy of history means the modern idea of world history/universal history had been erected. This idea becomes the theoretical ground for the expansion of western civilization. But since 20th Century, with people having queried reason and advocated multiculture, it gives our attention to challenge the modern idea of world history/universal history and the Eurocentrism from the basis of epistemology.