举国体制下的国内训练与竞赛活动的经济效益分析——关于奥运争光事业中两个“1/3现象”的讨论

THE ANALYSIS ON THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE DOMESTIC TRAINING AND SPORTS GAMES UNDER THE NATIONAL SYSTEM --DISCUSSION ABOUT THE TWO"1/3 PHENOMENA"IN THE OLYMPIC WINNING HONOR PROJECT

以地区分类研究和项目分区研究两种方法 ,对我国省区市优秀运动队训练与竞赛活动的投入和运动成绩产出进行经济效益分析 ,发现我国奥运争光举国体制下存在着不容忽视的两个“1/ 3现象”。一个是有 1/ 3的省区对奥运争光计划贡献不足 5 % ,平均消耗却是效益好的 1/ 3省区的约 4倍。另一个是有 1/ 3省区市的 2 0个单项的优秀运动队对奥运争光计划贡献几乎为零 ,平均消耗却是效益好的 1/ 3省区市的几十倍甚至上百倍。从整体上讲 ,转移投入方向 ,调整奥运争光计划区域布局和项目布局 ,提高竞技要素配置质量已迫在眉睫。

The economic efficiency on the cost investing and the achievement output of the excellent sports teams of the different provinces and municipalities in China was analyzed by applying two research methods ,i.e.dividing regions into different classes and games into different areas .It showed that there existed two '1/3 phenomena that should not be ignored under the nationd system in China.One was that there were 1/3 of the provinces contribute less than 5% to the Olympic Wining Honor Project,while their cost is 4 times of that of the provinces with good benefit.Another was that there were 1/3 of the provinces and municipalities that dedicated nearly nothing to the Olympic Winning Honor Project with their 20 excellent teams of single sports games ,however their cost was tens and even hudreds of times of that of the provinces with good benefit .On the whole ,it was urgent to transfer the direction of the investment and regulate layout of the regions and games in the Olympic Winning Honor Project and to improve the quality of distributing athletics essentials.