烟台市蓁山人工林火烧迹地植被恢复初期的群落结构特征

Vegetation Restorative Characteristics after the Artificial Forest Fire on Mountain Zhenshan,Yantai City

为研究烟台市区人工林地被火烧后自然恢复的潜力,调查研究了烟台蓁山遭受火灾的刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia.)与黑松(Pinus thunbergii)混交林迹地在两年后植物群落恢复的结构特征.结果表明:(1)在乔木、灌木植物被火烧全部去除后,原生长于林下、林缘、路边灌草丛中的草本植物迅速繁衍,形成地被层,火烧迹地可迅速恢复为草本植物群落,次生裸地阶段仅约30 d左右.(2)处于阴坡的火烧迹地形成以大型多年生根茎禾草紫芒(Miscanthus purpurascens)为建群种的草本植物群落,群落的植物种类及数量丰富,各物种的高度、盖度等均高于未火烧林地的草本层;群落的垂直和水平结构较复杂.处于阳坡的火烧迹地群落恢复速度缓慢,群落的种类、数量等变化幅度较小.乡土草本植物在火烧后迅速生长,这对植被的恢复过程以及防止因林地被破坏而发生水土流失等生态灾害具有重要意义.(3)尽管该群落周围有荆条、酸枣、扁担木等灌木种类存在,但是火烧两年后还未见有木本植物种类出现,可见其自然恢复成为木本群落需要较长的时间.

To understand the potential restoration of the artificial forest Robinia pseudoacacia andPinus thunbergii burned on mountain Zhenshan,Yantai city,the community characteristics of early secondary succession at the two years term burn blank are studied.The results show that:(1) after the trees and shrubs were eliminated,the native herbage grows more rapidly and forms the new community,which is usually as the companion species growing along the path,edge of the woodland or in the forest floor.The blank bare la...