从异化劳动到性别异化——马克思异化理论的发展

From Estranged Labor to Gender Alienation——The Development of Karl Marx's Theory of Alienation

马克思在《1844年经济学——哲学手稿》中第一次全面、系统地阐述了"异化劳动"理论,在《德意志意识形态》中又从实践、从现实的生活条件进一步理解异化,发展了异化劳动的理论;《资本论》对异化劳动的产生及在生产、流通直到分配等各个方面的异化逐一作了具体分析,是马克思异化思想的进一步深入发展。马克思主义女性主义者借鉴了马克思的异化理论,并将其运用于家庭和私人生活领域,创造性地提出了性别异化理论,性别异化理论可以说是马克思异化劳动理论在资本主义社会新阶段的发展。马克思主义女性主义者将异化拓展到家务劳动、两性关系、思想意识领域,并通过由异化所导致的妇女社会地位的分析,最后提出了要消除异化实现妇女解放的道路和途径。

Karl Marx first explained the theory of Estranged Labor comprehensively in the Economic and Philosophical Manuscript. In the German Ideology, Marx explained the alienation further from practice and the life conditions in reality to develop the theory of Estranged Labor. The book On Capital analyzed specifically the emergence of estranged labor and the alienation from its production, circulation and distribution aspects, which is the development of the theory of Estranged Labor deeply. Marxist Feminists refe...