试论赫尔德浪漫主义历史哲学思想

On the Historical Philosophy in Herder’s Romanticism

赫尔德是近代西方史学发展史上承前启后的历史学家,他身上兼有启蒙与浪漫的双重因素,这使他成为思想领域的集大成者。他开创了浪漫主义的历史新观念。他的"历史的有机体"的观点,是在批判地继承和吸收启蒙运动思想家和自然科学发展新成果的基础上形成的。他对历史发展的个体性、多样性、内在性、连续性和整体性的论述,他理解历史的"移情"方法,对浪漫主义历史学和后来的史学发展都产生了重要而深远的影响。

Herder occupies an unique position in the history of modern Western historiography, possessing dual factors of enlightenment and romanticism, which makes him to be the great achiever in the thought field. He pioneers new conception of regarding history from the romanticism angle. Based on the significant thoughts of Enlightenment thinkers and the latest development of natural science, he founds the viewpoint of "historical organism". Herder makes an exposition about the individuality, diversity, internality...