政令、时令与江南海塘北段工程

Government Orders,Seasonal Regulations and the Northern Part of Coastal Engineering of Jiangnan Area

江南海塘北段工程中,宝山海塘工程起因于雍正十年潮灾,江东、江西土塘和护城石塘仍由国帑修筑,这是雍正朝海塘政策的继续,也是当时险工段的客观需要。民众捐资修筑衣周塘,是遵循了乾隆元年(1736)制定的土塘地方维修的政策。巡抚庄有恭和太仓知州宋楚望的个人愿望在太镇、海塘工程中起了关键作用。在违背时令的情况下,强制农夫修塘,使得太、镇海塘北段工程质量较差,后续培修措施是对海塘质量的补救。紧接着的常熟和昭文海塘工程中,长官意志远大于客观需要。海塘史并非纯粹技术史,其中包含政治、经济和社会方面内容。进行潮灾史定量研究时,应加强对灾害成因和防灾救灾过程的研究。

The coastal engineering of Baoshan was started during the reign of Emperor Yongzheng because of flood, and its construction was in line with the policy of coastal engineering in the same period. There were also times when peasants were forced to work, which led to the poor quality of the seawalls. The history of constructing seawalls was not only history about the development of technology, but also included such aspects as politics, economy and society. Researches into the cause of natural disasters and di...