关于《九歌》二《湘》的神灵问题

On Deities in Two Xiangs of Jiuge

从秦初洞庭一带民间所祀湘神,乃是与舜之传说相联系的"二妃",证明了屈原《九歌》二《湘》所祀神灵,也当与"舜、妃"有关。并从湘水之神的"原型"及其变迁上,论述了屈原时代所祀湘神,已不再是远古时代"万物有灵论"观念下产生的无主名水神,而已为有主名"舜、妃"之神所取代。在此基础上辩明王逸所注"湘夫人"为二妃,"湘君"则为二妃"所留"之舜;韩愈以娥皇为湘君、女英为湘夫人之说,乃是既不合情理也不合礼制的附会。由此得出游国恩、马茂元等的二《湘》"恋爱"说,并不符合舜与二妃的神话传说背景,而有的研究者试图用"殆已失考"的原始湘神传说,来为二《湘》"恋爱"说圆场,也无补于事。

Xiang,a god offered sacrifice in Dongting area of the early Qin Dynasty,is"Erfei"related to Shun.The gods in Quyuan s two Xiangs in Jiuge are connected with Shun and Fei.From the archetype and evolution of the god of Xiang river,expound Xiang in Quyuan period is not anonymous any more,but Shun and Fei.Furthermore,Mrs Xiang by Wang Yi is Erfei and Xiangjun is Shun left by Erfei.Hanyu s inter- pretation that Ehuang is Xiangjun and Nvying is Mrs Xiang is unreasonable and unsuitable for the social sys- tem at t...