艾滋病患者肺部机遇性感染与肿瘤病变的X线和CT诊断

X-ray and CT diagnosis of lung opportunistic infection and tumor in HIV/AIDS

目的探讨HIV/AIDS患者肺部机遇性感染的X线和CT表现特点。方法回顾性分析在博茨瓦纳玛丽娜公主医院临床及病理检验证实的75例AIDS患者的肺部影像学表现。全部病例均有完整的X线胸片资料,其中27例同时行CT扫描。结果AIDS合并卡氏肺囊虫肺炎48例,典型表现为双侧肺周旁到中下肺野弥漫对称性分布的网格状影,部分融合成斑片状、结节状影或呈毛磨玻璃样改变。肺结核15例,细菌性肺炎4例,其影像表现与普通肺结核及肺炎表现类似。肺真菌感染2例,表现为肺空洞内霉菌球形成,可见空气新月征。淋巴瘤4例,表现为肺内斑点、斑片状影,肺门纵隔淋巴结肿大。卡波济氏肉瘤2例,表现为肺内多发大小不等结节影。结论X线检查是AIDS最基本的影像学检查方法,CT能更好地显示病变的部位、形态以及X线片不能发现的细微病变。

Objective To study the X-ray and CT imaging features of lung opportunistic infections and tumor in patients with HIV/AIDS.Methods The imaging data of 75 patients with AIDS which evaluated together with clinical symptoms,pathological mechanism in Princes Marina Hospital of BOTSWANA with lung opportunistic infections were retrospectively analyzed.Results X-ray showings of 48 cases with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia symmetrically diffused reticular shadows from bilateral hila to middle and lower lung fields,p...