榆林地区明代洪涝灾害特征分析

The Characteristic Analysis on the Flood Disaster of Yulin Area in the Ming Dynasty

通过对历史资料的整理分析,对明代榆林地区洪涝灾害发生的频率、等级序列、年际变化、季节变化、成灾程度、成灾原因进行了仔细的研究。结果表明:榆林地区这一时期共发生洪涝灾害118次,平均每2.34年发生一次,从明代早期到晚期该地区洪涝灾害发生频率有明显增加的趋势。该地区洪涝灾害以第二级(中度涝灾)为主,共发生70次,占洪涝灾害总数的59.32%;第一级(轻度涝灾)共发生43次,占洪涝灾害总数的36.44%;第三级(大涝灾)发生5次,占洪涝灾害总数的4.24%;而第四级(特大涝灾)没有发生过一次。榆林地区地处陕西降水量最少的干旱区,该区明代洪涝灾害的突出特点是规模较小,局部灾害多,且多为暴雨洪灾。大涝灾和特大涝灾很少是该区洪涝灾害的突出特点。明代榆林地区的洪涝灾害具有明显的季节差异,多集中在夏秋季的7、8、9三个月中。此外,榆林地区地处毛乌素沙漠东南缘与陕北黄土高原北缘的交接地带,区域内多是梁峁起伏、沟壑纵横、风沙滩地地貌,地表植被稀少,水土流失严重,所以同样的降雨量在该地区较易造成局部洪涝灾害的发生。

On the basis of arranging and analyzing the history materials,the frequency,rank series,year change,seasonal change,cause disaster degree and causes of the flood disaster of the Ming Dynasty in Yulin area were discussed.The results showed that Yulin area had suffered totally 118 flood disasters in this period,once every 2.34 years on average.The frequency showed obvious increase tendency from early time to the later time of the Ming Dynasty.According to the rank series of flood disasters,the second grade of...