浅谈殿试的起源与演变

A Tentative Study of Dianshi-Imperial Examination

殿试最早出现于武则天时代,而作为制度正式确立则是在宋太祖赵匡胤时期;殿试的难度不大,但却是决定名次的一次考试;殿试的形式并非单一,它有三种类型:文举的常科和制科及武举;通常人们认为伴随殿试第一名的出现有了状元的称呼,可状元的出现要早于殿试;而参加殿试的进士们自赵匡胤后才统称为天子门生,天子门生实为皇帝控制科举的产物;状元由皇帝钦点,有时与运气相关。

Dianshi,the imperial examination,first appeared in the Wu Zetian time,and the formal establishment of its system was in the Zhao Kuangyin period,Song dynasty.Athough it is not difficult,Dianshi is the highest-level imperial examination at that time.And it has three different types: Changke and Zhike for civil officials and Wuju for military officers.Usually it is accepted that Zhuangyuan evolves from the winner of Dianshi,but the fact is that Zhuangyuan originated previously.All the successful candidates in...