葡萄籽油提取工艺的研究

Study on extraction of grape seed oil

葡萄籽中油脂含量一般在14%～17%,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量在90%以上,亚油酸含量在70%以上。主要研究了提取溶剂、提取温度、提取时间、料液比、葡萄籽的含水量和粉碎度对葡萄籽中油的提取得率的影响,并采用正交试验对提取条件进行了优化。结果显示,提取溶剂、提取温度、提取时间、提取料液比、葡萄籽的含水量和粉碎度对提取效果均有显著性影响。通过研究,初步确定了葡萄籽油的适宜提取条件。即:以石油醚(30～60)作为提取剂;提取温度65℃;提取时间3h;提取料液比为1∶12,葡萄籽含水量为9.5%,葡萄籽粒度80目。以该优化条件进行提取,葡萄籽中毛油的得率达到20.78%(w/w)。将在正交试验所得的最优条件下制得的葡萄籽油的理化性质及脂肪酸组成进行检测,结果为:相对密度为0.907,酸价为3.21mgKOH/g,皂化值为136.4mgKOH/g,过氧化值为6.65mmol/kg,碘价为127.2I2g/100g。葡萄籽油中的主要不饱和脂肪酸为亚油酸和油酸,其中亚油酸占整个脂肪酸含量的71.20%,油酸占17.53%。

The grape seed contains 14%~17% oil among which up to 90% is unsaturated fatty and more than70% is linoleic acid.The studies on the influence of solvent,extracting temperature,time,material ratio,water content and the size of grape seed on the yield was conducted and optimized by orthogonal test.As the results showed,all above parameters were important factors.The best extraction conditions were as follows:petroleum ether(30-60)as solvent,the size of grape seed controlled at 80 mesh,water content of 9.5%,ex...